Introduction
National symbols are powerful representations of a country’s heritage, culture, and values. They foster a sense of national pride and unity among citizens. India, with its rich history and diverse culture, has several national symbols that embody its identity and ideals. In this blog post, we’ll explore “What are the 17 national symbols of India?” their significance, and what they represent.
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1: The Flag and Emblem
National Flag
Design and Colors
The national flag of India, also known as the Tiranga, is a horizontal tricolor with saffron at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the center of the white band is a navy-blue Ashoka Chakra with 24 spokes.
Symbolism
The saffron color represents courage and sacrifice, the white stands for truth and peace, and the green symbolizes faith and fertility. The Ashoka Chakra signifies the eternal wheel of law.
National Emblem
History and Design
The national emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which was erected around 250 BCE. It features four Asiatic lions standing back to back on a circular abacus, which is adorned with sculptures of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion separated by intervening Dharma Chakras.
Symbolism
The lions represent power, courage, confidence, and pride. The Dharma Chakras embody the wheel of law, and the animals symbolize different aspects of Indian heritage.
2: The Anthem and Song
National Anthem
Lyrics and Composer
The national anthem of India, “Jana Gana Mana,” was composed by the great poet Rabindranath Tagore. It was adopted as the national anthem on January 24, 1950.
Significance
“Jana Gana Mana” is a tribute to the unity and diversity of India. It reflects the country’s cultural heritage and its aspirations for the future.
National Song
Lyrics and Composer
The national song of India, “Vande Mataram,” was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. It was first sung in the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.
Significance
“Vande Mataram” played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement, inspiring many freedom fighters. It praises the motherland and its beauty.
3: The Animal and Bird
National Animal
Characteristics
The national animal of India is the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). It is known for its strength, agility, and majestic appearance.
Habitat
Bengal tigers are primarily found in India, residing in forests, grasslands, and mangroves.
National Bird
Characteristics
The Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) is the national bird of India. It is known for its iridescent blue and green plumage and spectacular courtship display.
Habitat
Peacocks are commonly found in the Indian subcontinent, inhabiting forests, farmlands, and even urban areas.
4: The Flower and Tree
National Flower
Description
The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is the national flower of India. It is an aquatic plant known for its large, beautiful flowers that come in shades of pink and white.
Symbolism
The lotus symbolizes purity, enlightenment, and rebirth. It holds significant cultural and religious value in India.
National Tree
Description
The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the national tree of India. It is known for its large canopy and aerial roots that form new trunks.
Symbolism
The banyan tree represents eternal life, due to its ever-expanding branches and deep roots. It is often associated with wisdom and longevity.
5: The Fruit and River
National Fruit
Description
The mango (Mangifera indica) is the national fruit of India. It is a tropical fruit known for its sweet, juicy flesh and rich flavor.
Symbolism
The mango symbolizes prosperity, love, and fertility. It is often referred to as the “king of fruits” in India.
National River
Description
The Ganges (Ganga) is the national river of India. It is the most sacred river in Hinduism and flows through the northern plains of India.
Significance
The Ganges holds immense spiritual and cultural significance. It is considered a goddess in Hindu mythology and is a vital water source for millions.
6: The Language and Calendar
National Language
Importance
Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is the national language of India. It is one of the most spoken languages in the country.
Usage
Hindi is widely used in government, media, education, and daily communication across India.
National Calendar
Structure
The national calendar of India is the Saka calendar, which starts from the year 78 CE. It was adopted as the official calendar in 1957.
Significance
The Saka calendar is used alongside the Gregorian calendar for official purposes. It reflects India’s historical and cultural heritage.
7: The Game and Currency
National Game
History
Field hockey is considered the national game of India. The Indian men’s hockey team has a rich history of success, particularly in the Olympics.
Significance
Field hockey symbolizes India’s sporting excellence and has contributed to national pride through numerous international victories.
National Currency
Design
The Indian rupee (INR) is the national currency of India. The symbol “₹” was officially adopted in 2010 and incorporates elements of the Devanagari script.
Importance
The Indian rupee is crucial for the country’s economy, facilitating trade and commerce.
8: Miscellaneous Symbols
National Aquatic Animal
Description
The Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is the national aquatic animal of India. It is known for its long snout and unique ability to navigate murky waters.
Habitat
Ganges river dolphins are found in the freshwater river systems of the Ganges and Brahmaputra.
National Reptile
Description
The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the national reptile of India. It is the world’s longest venomous snake, known for its hood and powerful venom.
Habitat
King cobras are found in forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas throughout India.
National Heritage Animal
Description
The Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) is the national heritage animal of India. It is revered for its size, strength, and intelligence.
Habitat
Indian elephants are found in forests and grasslands across the country.
Conclusion
India’s national symbols are more than just representations; they are the embodiment of the country’s rich heritage, culture, and values. They instill a sense of pride and unity among its citizens. Preserving and honoring these symbols is essential for maintaining the cultural fabric of the nation.
FAQs
1. What is the significance of national symbols?
- National symbols represent the identity, heritage, and values of a country. They foster unity and pride among citizens.
2. How are national symbols chosen?
- National symbols are chosen based on their historical, cultural, and ecological significance. They reflect the country’s values and heritage.
3. Why is the peacock the national bird of India?
- The peacock is the national bird of India because of its beauty, grace, and cultural significance in Indian mythology and art.
4. What does the national emblem of India represent?
- The national emblem of India, featuring the Lion Capital of Ashoka, represents power, courage, confidence, and the eternal wheel of law.
5. How can we preserve our national symbols?
- We can preserve national symbols by educating people about their significance, promoting conservation efforts, and respecting their cultural value.
